A Complete Guide to Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II

Scope:

This subject deals with general methods of preparation and reactions of some organic compounds. Reactivity of organic compounds are also studied here. The syllabus emphasizes on mechanisms and orientation of reactions. Chemistry of fats and oils are also included in the syllabus.

Objectives:

Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:

– write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound

– write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions

– account for reactivity/stability of compounds,

– prepare organic compounds

Course content:

Unit I

Benzene and its derivatives

A. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule

B. Reactions of benzene – nitration, sulphonation, halogenation- reactivity, Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedelcrafts acylation.

C. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction

D. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine

Unit II

Phenols – Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols

Aromatic Amines – of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts

Aromatic Acids –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and important reactions of benzoic acid.

Unit III

Fats and Oils

a. Fatty acids – reactions. b. Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils. c. Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and principle involved in their determination.

Unit IV

Polynuclear hydrocarbons:

a. Synthesis, reactions

b. Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivatives

Unit V

Cyclo alkanes

Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory,

Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only

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