DNA Sequencing and its Application in the Real world

DNA Sequencing means determining the order of the four chemical building blocks – called “bases” – that make up the DNA molecule. The sequence tells scientists the kind of genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment. For example, scientists can use sequence information to determine which stretches of DNA contain genes and which stretches carry regulatory instructions, turning genes on or off. In addition, and importantly, sequence data can highlight changes in a gene that may cause disease.

Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, technological improvements and automation have increased speed and lowered costs to the point where individual genes can be sequenced routinely, and some labs can sequence well over 100,000 billion bases per year, and an entire genome can be sequenced for just a few thousand dollars.

Learn the basics and principles of DNA sequencing which includes:

1. What is DNA sequencing

2. History and Principles of DNA sequencing

3. Methods of DNA sequencing

   1. Maxam-Gilbert sequencing procedure

   2. Sanger sequencing or Chain termination method

   3. Next Generation sequencing (NGS)

4. DNA polymerase

5. Massive parallel sequencing

6. Pyrosequencing

7. Illumina or Ion Torrent NGS

8. DNA Nanoball

9. Single Molecule real time sequencing

10. Sequence detection methods

Application of Molecular Biology in the Real world:

1. Application of Molecular Biology in Clinical Research

   1. Early detection of a disease

   2. Prenatal Gene therapy

   3. Personalized medicine

2. Application of Molecular Biology in Forensics

3. Application of Molecular Biology in Pharmaceuticals

   1. Genetic testing

   2. Rational drug design

   3. Vaccines

   4. Biological Molecules

   5. Nano systems

      Functioning of a Molecular Biology lab

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