Let's Speak Polish – Numeral in Polish

This course is one of the ‘Polish almost without Secrets’ series. The entire series is dedicated to the practical aspects of using various types of verbs, other parts of speech, and grammatical tenses in the Polish language.

This particular course covers numerals in Polish.

This course does not cover all the detailed issues related to the use of numerals in the Polish language, but completing it already allows for fluent use of Polish numerals in most practical situations.

Types of Numerals

Both in Polish and English, there are several types of numerals, each serving a different purpose. Here are the main types:

1. Liczebniki główne(Cardinal Numerals)

These are the basic numbers used for counting and expressing quantity, for example: jeden(one), dwa(two), trzy(three), cztery(four), pięć(five), etc.

2. Liczebniki porządkowe(Ordinal Numerals)

These indicate the position or order of something in a sequence, for example: pierwszy (first), drugi (second), trzeci (third), czwarty (fourth), piąty (fifth), etc.

3. Liczebniki nominalne(Nominal Numerals)

These are numbers used as names or labels, for example: ‘Droga 66’ (‘Route 66’)

4. Liczebniki ułamkowe(Fractional Numerals)

These represent a part of a whole and are typically expressed as a ratio of two numbers, for example: jedna-druga (one-half), trzy-czwarte (three-quarters), etc.

5. Liczebniki dziesiętne(Decimal Numerals)

These are numbers expressed in the decimal system, with a decimal point to indicate the position of digits, for example: 3,14 (3.14)

6. Liczebniki rzymskie(Roman Numerals)

These are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and are still occasionally used today, for example: I (1), V (5), X(10), L(50), C(100), D (500), M (1000)

7. Punkty kardynalne (Cardinal Points)

These are used for directions and are often expressed as numbers, for example: północ (north), południe (sout), wschód (east), zachód (west)

8. Liczebniki mnożące(Multiplicative Numerals)

These indicate the number of times something is multiplied, for example: pojedynczy (single), podwójny (double), potrójny (triple), etc.

9. Liczebniki wielorakie (Multiple Numerals), for example: dwojako (twofold), czworako(fourfold), etc.

They are used to express a multiplier or multiple of a number, for example: dwojako (twofold), czworako (fourfold), etc.

Declension of the Cardinal Numerals through Cases in the Singular Number

The masculine personalcardinalnumeral jeden(one) is declined through cases in the following way:

Mianownik: kto? co? (Nominative: who? what?): jeden chłopiec (one boy), jeden kot (one cat),

Dopełniacz: kogo? czego? (Genitive: of whom? of what?): jednego chłopca (of one boy), jednego kota (of one cat),

Celownik: komu? / dla kogo? // czemu? / dla czego? (Dative: to whom? / for whom? // to what? / for what?): jednemuchłopcu (to one boy) / dla jednego chłopca (for one boy), jednemu kotu(to one cat), dla jednegokota (for one cat),

Biernik: kogo? co?(Accusative: whom? what?): jednego chłopca (one boy), jednegokota (one cat),

Narzędnik: z kim/ kim// z czym?/ czym?(Instrumental: with who? / by who? // with what? / by what?): z jednym chłopcem (with one boy) / jednym chłopcem(by one boy), z jednymkotem (with one cat) / jednymkotem (by one cat),

Miejscownik: o kim? o czym? (Locative: about whom? about what?): o jednym chłopcu (about one boy), o jednymkocie (about one cat),

Wołacz O!(Vocative O!): O, jedenchłopak! (Oh, one boy!), O, jedenkot! (Oh, one cat!),

Ten jedenchłopiecjestbardzo zadowolony.–This oneboyis very satisfied.

To jest porter tego jednegochłopca. –This portrait is ofthis oneboy.

Oni dali to temu jednemuchłopcu. – They gave it tothis oneboy.

Oni dali todla tego jednegochłopca. – They gave it forthis oneboy.

Nie widziałem tego jednegochłopca wtedy. – I couldn’t see this oneboy then.

Będziemy mieliztym jednymchłopcem problemy. – We will have some problems withthis oneboy.

Oni chcą, żeby to było zrobioneprzeztego jednegochłopca. – They want it to be donebythis oneboy.

Oni nie chcą rozmawiaćotym jednymchłopcu. – They don’t want to talkaboutthis oneboy.

‘O,ten jedenchłopiec!’– ktoś zawołał.– ‘Oh,this oneboy!’ – someone called.

Section 8 contains the key to all the Control Tests of this course, so you can track your progress in learning.

You can find complete numeral characterization, its declension through cases, and gradation in the following sections:

Section 1 Cardinal Numerals

Section 2 Ordinal Numerals

Section 3 Rest of the Types of Numerals

Section 4 Declension of the CardinalNumerals through Cases in the Singular Number

Section 5 Declension of the CardinalNumerals through Cases in the Plural Number

Section 6 Declension of the OrdinalNumerals through Cases in the Singular Number

Section 7 Declension of the OrdinalNumerals through Cases in the Plural Number

Section 8 Key to the Control Tests

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